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The main operations of road construction are construction of base, sub-base and surfacing. Planning and installation of traffic signs is also implemented in the construction of many roads. Road construction, road paving and transportation engineering are among the important specialties of a civil engineer who knows the design and calculation of infrastructure and road pavement. For this purpose, the aforementioned lessons for learning topics such as road design and implementation include routing, soil, specifications and geometric design of roads in horizontal and vertical directions, technical specifications of various types of road materials and different layers of its pavement. Also, methods of designing and implementing sand and asphalt pavements. And also land, sea and air transportation networks and transportation planning and management are provided.

Road construction is an operation to create a road on the ground between 2 points with a certain width, which includes works such as infrastructure, paving, placing tables and traffic signs on the road.

Road construction steps

first stage

At the beginning of road construction, you must prepare a topographic map that includes the physical characteristics of the land for the road area.

This map must have a curve. Also, at this stage of road construction, the characteristics of the land where the road is to be built should be determined.

The type of land can be plain, hilly or mountainous.

Then the characteristics of the road, such as the number of crossing lanes and the grade of the road, should be determined.

You should also specify the design speed and the minimum and maximum virtual slope that this road can have.

second stage

At this stage of road construction, road filling should be done.

First, you need to calculate the appropriate radius according to the value obtained in the previous step and from the value of the slope. Then draw circles with the calculated radius from the beginning of the road to the end of the road, so that it covers the entire road.

third level

This stage is one of the most important stages of road construction. At this stage, the broken lines should be marked.

To determine the broken lines on the road, you need to pay attention to some things.

Among other things, your designed road should have a minimum number of breaks and turns.

Also, the angle that deviates the path should be its minimum value. According to these items, determine the location of the broken lines.

Design the vertical arcs of the path as well. If you pay attention to the mentioned points, you can design optimal broken lines.

The fourth stage

At this stage of road construction, you should draw the longitudinal profile and project line.

Draw a 2D curve to draw the longitudinal profile.

The horizontal dimension of this curve includes the distance from the beginning of the road and its vertical dimension includes the height of the ground points.

To mark different points on the curve, consider the distances between the points based on the terrain type determined in the first step.

To draw the project line, it is sufficient to use the value of the slope determined in the first step.

The fifth stage

This stage includes road asphalt and traffic on it. Road paving is a step that is performed on the last layer of compacted soil and includes subbase, base, asphalt or concrete layer. The value of each of these must be calculated. This part of road construction is done with the aim of increasing the ground’s resistance against the pressure exerted by car tires.

The sixth stage

At this stage, transverse points should be drawn. To draw these points, you should pay attention to 2 points:

Longitudinal water lines should be drawn for places that have excavations.
The slopes that are drawn for digging should be as low and gentle as possible.
For each station, cross-sections should be drawn based on the height values ​​of the middle, left and right points of the road from the map and the height difference between the middle point of the road and the project line obtained in the fourth. step.

The last stage of the road construction operation
The amount of earth removal for surfaces that are higher than the normal ground level and the amount of earthing for the levels that are lower than the normal ground level should be determined at this stage of road construction.

Also, in this facility, which is located between Bruckner’s curve and the base line, a table related to earth operations should be prepared according to the amount of excavation and embankment.

The Bruckner curve is drawn based on the prepared soil treatment table. This curve is determined based on the volumes placed in the ground operations table and the distance between the stations from the origin.

The final stage of road construction includes the calculation of carrying capacity.